Gold glass base with Jewish symbols
Photo © The Israel Museum, by Dr. Jean-Luc Pilon, Canadian Museum of Civilization

Gold glass base with Jewish symbols.
Rome?
4th century CE
Glass, gold leaf
Israel Museum Collection, Jerusalem

This is the base of a bowl or goblet, decorated with several Jewish symbols. The upper register has two lions flanking the Torah Ark of a synagogue, while the lower register shows two menorahs (7-branched candelabra which burned oil in cups at the end of each branch), a shofar (ram's horn used on special occasions in the Temple and in synagogues today), a lulav (palm fronds bound with myrtle and willow branches), an etrog (fruit of the citron tree, similar to a large lemon) and two amphorae (clay jars used to store oil and wine). The inscription reads "Drink, live, Elares".

Many similar pieces have been found in the plaster walls of the Roman catacombs, probably placed there to identify the buried remains. Of the hundreds found, most have Christian motifs, biblical scenes, animals or a portrait of the deceased. Only about a dozen bear Jewish motifs-this is one of the finest of these.


Hexagonal flask
Photo © The Israel Museum, by Dr. Jean-Luc Pilon, Canadian Museum of Civilization

Hexagonal flask.
Provenance unknown
6th-7th century CE
Glass
Israel Museum Collection, Jerusalem

Starting in the 4th century CE, glass containers and jewellery featuring religious symbols, appeared in Syria-Palestine. There were Christian symbols, such as crosses, or Jewish symbols, such as the menorah on this flask. This type of container might have been used by pilgrims to carry water or oil from holy places.


Amuletic pendant with menorah
Photo © The Israel Museum, by Dr. Jean-Luc Pilon, Canadian Museum of Civilization

Amuletic pendant with menorah.
Provenance unknown
4th-5th century CE
Glass
Israel Museum Collection, Jerusalem

Worn as a pendant, the menorah was often thought to protect its owner and bring luck.


Plaque with menorah
Photo © The Israel Museum, by Dr. Jean-Luc Pilon, Canadian Museum of Civilization

Plaque with menorah.
Rome
4th-5th century CE
Glass
Israel Museum Collection, Jerusalem

The motif impressed on this glass disk is the menorah within a wreath. This disk, probably of Egyptian origin, adorned a glass vessel.


Amuletic pendant with menorah
Photo © The Israel Museum, by Dr. Jean-Luc Pilon, Canadian Museum of Civilization

Amuletic pendant with menorah.
Provenance unknown
4th-5th century CE
Bronze
The Reifenberg collection, Israel Museum, Jerusalem

The obverse of the amulet is adorned with the menorah, a shofar and a lulav. The Greek inscription on the reverse reads: "For the welfare of lady Matrona".


Oil lamp with menorah and shofar
Photo © The Israel Museum, by Dr. Jean-Luc Pilon, Canadian Museum of Civilization

Oil lamp with menorah and shofar.
Provenance unknown
3rd - 4th century CE
Pottery
Israel Museum Collection, Jerusalem

This lamp is decorated with two Jewish motifs. The elaborate menorah has flames at the tip of its branches while the shofar is executed in a schematic style.


Oil lamp with menorah
Photo © The Israel Museum, by Dr. Jean-Luc Pilon, Canadian Museum of Civilization

Oil lamp with menorah.
Nazareth, Galilee
4th-5th century CE
Pottery
The Reifenberg collection, Israel Museum, Jerusalem

The handle of this oil lamp is decorated with menorah. The spout is adorned with the Basket of first fruits - brought as an offering to the Temple, as the commandment in Deuteronomy 26:1-11 states: "… when thou art come into the land which the Lord thy God gives thee…thou shalt take of the first of all the fruit of the earth… and shalt put it in a basket and go to the place which the Lord thy God shall choose to put his name there…".


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